6. Paul the Apologist

90 6. Paul the Apologist If Paul, as portrayed in the Acts of the Apostles, had to share the fame of miraculous power with Peter, and even had the honor of being worthy of direct revelations from heaven and wonderful visions, which he could only make use of after it was legitimized by the same … Continue reading “6. Paul the Apologist”


4. The Apostles’ Convention

60 4 The Apostles’ Convention A local dispute in Antioch, which was accidentally caused by some arrivals from Judea by their assertion of the necessity of circumcision for salvation, causes a decision that settles the whole dispute about the necessity of the law, secures the freedom of the Gentile Christians and establishes the peace of … Continue reading “4. The Apostles’ Convention”


3. The Conversion of Paul

42 3. The Conversion of Paul. The differences between the author’s own account and the portrayal that Paul himself gives of his conversion before the people and later before King Agrippa will never be of practical service to those who wish to use them *) to eliminate some gaudy features and to move the event … Continue reading “3. The Conversion of Paul”


§ 60. Jesus in Nazareth

Critique of the Gospel History of the Synoptics by Bruno Bauer Volume 2 —o0o— 344 § 60. Jesus in Nazareth. Matth. 13, 53-58. Mark 6, 1-6. After the account of the reception of Jesus in Nazareth, Matthew immediately tells us how Herod heard of Jesus; for he had to omit the account of the instruction … Continue reading “§ 60. Jesus in Nazareth”


§ 43. The Election and Sending Out of the Twelve

Critique of the Gospel History of the Synoptics by Bruno Bauer Volume 2 —o0o— 173 Section Six. The Instruction of the Twelve. Matthew 9:35-11:1. ———– § 43. The Election and Sending Out of the Twelve. Matthew 9:35-10:5.   1. The Occasion. Among the many unpleasant tasks that the critic must undertake in this final battle … Continue reading “§ 43. The Election and Sending Out of the Twelve”


§ 36. The banquet of the tax collector Matthew

Critique of the Gospel History of the Synoptics by Bruno Bauer Volume 2 —o0o— 95 § 36. The banquet of the tax collector Matthew. Matthew 9:9-13. The apologists should finally become wise and stop trying to completely stifle the contradictions in the Gospel accounts with such blind fury, lest they create the impression that the … Continue reading “§ 36. The banquet of the tax collector Matthew”


BRUNO BAUER: Criticism of the Pauline Letters – I. Origin of the Galatians Epistle

Criticism of the Pauline Epistles by B. Bauer First Section The Origin of the Galatians Epistle 1850 3 Preface We will put an end once and for all to the mistakes and unsuccessful attempts of the apologists, who started from the assumption that it is both possible and necessary to integrate the Pauline letters with … Continue reading “BRUNO BAUER: Criticism of the Pauline Letters – I. Origin of the Galatians Epistle”


BRUNO BAUER: Christ and the Caesars – VIII. The Completion of the New Testament Literature

345/346 VIII. The Completion of the New Testament Literature. 1. A Great History and a Late Poem. In a series of images, we have seen the fate of the Empire, the nationalities, and the social classes of the first two centuries of our era unfold before us. As diverse as the figures were that moved … Continue reading “BRUNO BAUER: Christ and the Caesars – VIII. The Completion of the New Testament Literature”


The Two Witnesses in Revelation 11: the theories

This post picks up from Measuring the Temple where we set out various interpretations of the first two verses of Revelation 11 (where John is commanded to measure the temple) as they are discussed by Bielefeld University‘s Professor Thomas Witulski in  Apk 11 und der Bar Kokhba-Aufstand. Here we do the same for the two witnesses … Continue reading “The Two Witnesses in Revelation 11: the theories”


Ch 5 – The Compilation of Luke

198 5. Die Compilation des Lukas. 5. The Compilation of Luke. 198 Nachdem selbst die Verwirrung des Matthäusevangeliums dazu hat dienen müssen, uns den Weg zu verrathen, der zum Urbericht führt, werden die Versehen tn der Komposition oes Lukasevangeliums die Richtung dieses Weges — falls es noch nöthig wäre — nur noch mehr befestigen und … Continue reading “Ch 5 – The Compilation of Luke”


Ch 4 – Compilation of Matthew

160 4. Die Compilation des Matthäus. 4. The Compilation of Matthew. 160 Schon die Stellung, die Matthäus der Bergpredigt gegeben hat, ist höchst unglücklich: — Jesus hält sie viel zu früh und sie protestirt selbst gegen die Voraussetzung, daß sie einer seiner ersten Lehrvorträge gewesen sey. Jesus preist diejenigen selig, die (C. 5, 11) ״um … Continue reading “Ch 4 – Compilation of Matthew”